![]() ![]() The paper advocates treating text highlighting and text copying as being part of human–computer dialogues, in which the computer can also gain knowledge about users, their preferences, and their needs, based on their actions. ![]() This paper distinguishes between two different types of operations: (a) highlighting text by selecting it without copying, for example, to emphasize elements in the text while reading and (b) copying text to the clipboard, where the preceding selection operation has no distinct function and thus considered part of the copy operation. This study analyzes real usage data from a commercial website to understand what types of textual content users select and copy, for what purposes, and what we can use such user activity data for. Selecting text and copying text to the clipboard are common operations of many web users. One of these is a simple linear relationship, whereas the other two are nonlinear (a sum of linear and sine wave, and a Gaussian). We also propose three alternative forms for the function of the transparency distribution. Conversely, the least observed areas are hidden by a shadow or fog. Thus, longer fixations add more transparency than shorter ones. The intensity is proportional to the duration of the observation. In our version, transparency is presented in either the gray scale, or employing some color scheme. We present a modified version of this technique to facilitate visualizations by allowing the transparency of the heat map to depend on the gaze data itself. However, there is an alternative visualization technique, based on the heat map paradigm, which offers additional benefits by better separating the different levels of observation intensity. Using one of the most popular techniques, gaze fixations are plotted in 2-D against the stimulus image in the background. To help the researchers, a number of techniques have been suggested for visualizing the eye tracker's data. Usability testing is widely used today to determine, among other things, the quality of web site designs. ![]()
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